During the fermentation process of pig manure organic fertilizer production lines, several common issues may arise. Understanding these problems helps improve management and control throughout the process.

1. Temperature Fluctuations

Temperature is critical for successful fermentation. Issues often include temperatures rising too high (above 65°C) or dropping too low (below 50°C). Excessively high temperatures can kill beneficial microorganisms, halting the fermentation process. Low temperatures slow down microbial activity, delaying decomposition. These fluctuations may result from improper initial material temperature, inadequate ventilation, or poorly sized compost piles.

2. Poor Aeration

Aerobic fermentation requires sufficient oxygen. Poor airflow can shift the process from aerobic to anaerobic conditions, producing foul odors and reducing compost quality and efficiency. Common causes include overly compacted materials, faulty ventilation equipment, or blocked air ducts.

3. Moisture Imbalance

The ideal moisture level for pig manure composting is 50%–60%. High moisture causes waterlogging inside the pile, reducing airflow and promoting harmful bacteria. Low moisture limits microbial activity, slowing decomposition. Moisture issues often stem from inconsistent raw material water content or environmental humidity changes.

4. Uneven Fermentation

Large compost piles often suffer from uneven fermentation. This occurs when compost turning machines fail to mix materials thoroughly or frequently enough. Parts of the pile may remain raw while others decompose fully, compromising overall fertilizer quality.

5. Harmful Bacteria Growth

Poorly controlled conditions—such as incorrect temperature, moisture, or aeration—can encourage harmful bacteria. These pathogens not only lower fertilizer quality but may also harm crop growth.

Understanding these common problems will help to better manage and control the fermentation process of the pig manure organic fertilizer production line.